Relay.



PATENTED JUNE 27, 1905.

H. B. TAYLOR.

RELAY.

BY ZM ATTORNEY.

APPLIOATION FILED DBG,4,19o3.

Sl vsw MH.

WITNESSES:

UNITED STATES Patented June 27, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

HERBERT B. TAYLOR, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY,

SIGNAL OO., OE NENVARK, NEV JERSEY, A CORPORATION JERSEY.

ASSIGNOR TO ADVANCE OF NEW RELAY.

SPECXFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 793,329,

dated June 27, 1905.

Application filed December 4, 1903. Serial No. 183,709.

Be it known that I, I-IEREEETB. TAYLOR, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, inthe county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented and produced new and originalImprovements in Relays', and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being' had to the accompanying drawings, and to numerals of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to relays, and more particularly to that class of relays known as polarized relays, and is more particularly designed for use in connection with electricrailway signaling-circuits, though it will be understood that my invention may be used in 2o other connections where a sensitive relay is required.

The objects of the invention are to increase the dynamic power of the relay by utilizing a greater portion of the magnetic flux, much of which has heretofore been wasted, and to simplify the construction of the relay and render the moving parts more sensitive to the influence of the energizing electric current, and to secure other advantages and results,

3o some of which may be hereinafterI referred to in connection with the description of the working parts.

The invention consists in the improved relay and in the arrangements and combinations of parts of the saine, all substantially as will be hereinafter set forth, and finally embraced in the clauses of the claim.

The following isa specification and description of thc invention, setting' forth clearly its 4o novel features, and to more clearly illustrate the construction of the several parts the specilication is accompanied by drawings, in which#- Figure 1 is a horizontal section taken on line E E of Eig. 2. FigzQ is a section taken on line A R of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a vertical section on line (l I) of Fig. l. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 show different forms of contacts that may be employed.

In the figures like numerals designate like parts wherever they occur.

In said drawings, 1 1 indicate the magnetspools, which are wound with suitable wire, the terminals of which wire are connected with binding-posts 2 2, which are and insulated from the metal base 3. The iron cores 4 4 of said magnets l 1 are connected at their lower ends by an iron yoke which is attached in a suitable manner to the top of the base 3. Between the poles 4 4 of magnet 1 l is pivotally mounted a permanently-magnetizcd armature 6 of ahorseshoe or U shape or any other shape that might answer the same purpose. Across the poles of the permanently-magnetized armature 6 is a yoke 7, of non-magnetic material. Through this yoke 7 and the central portion of the magnet 6 extends a pivotal rod 8, which is pointed at opposite ends, the said rod being adapted to turn with very little friction in threaded bearings 9 10, which are located at both ends of said spindle 8. Secured to the upper poles of the magnet 1 l are pole extensions 11 11, which have each two horns so disposedV that the magnetic iiux in flowing from one to the other of the poles 1 1 passes across the poles of the permanent magnet 6.

Owing vto the bifurcations or hornsll 11 of the pole-pieces, when the electromagnet of which they form a part becomes magnetized one of the horns of one pole will attract one pole of the armature 6 and the corresponding horn of the other pole of the magnet will repel said pole of the armaturethat is to say, each pole of the armature will be simultaneously and oppositely acted upon by cach pole of the magnet. Thus there is a fourfold magnetic iniiuence brought to bear on a single armature with a minimum amount of magnetic leakage.

A non-magnetic yoke 12 tends to bind the upper ends of the cores 4 4 together and also serve as a seat for the screw-bearing 9 for the spindle 8 and to support the permanentlymagnetized keeper 13 of the permanentlymagnetized armature 6. Screws 14 and 14 serve to connect the yoke 12 and polar eX- tensions 11 11 to cores 4 and 4 and also to located on clamp the metal cover 15 and glass shell 16 to the base 3. The ring 17 is also secured to the cover 15 by the same screws and serves as means by which the relay may be lifted or carried.

The base 3 has secured thereto contacts 20 20 20 20, which are or may be similar to the contacts shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6 and consists simply of a fixed and a movable part, which are adapted to be opened or closed 'by the action of the relay-armature 6. Fig. 4 represents an open contact. Fig. 5 represents a double open contact. Fig. 6 represents a closed contact. All of these are well known and understood by those familiar with the art. To actuate these contacts, I mount on the armature 6 the fingers 22 23, which are preferably of metal and are provided each with a button 24 25, ot' insulating material, the objects ot' these buttons being to prevent the charging of the armature with current from .the contacts. The iixed member and the movable member ot' the contacts are connected to the ditferentinsulated binding-posts by wires or connections, as shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 1. Many variations in these contact connections may be made to suit special requirements without departing from the invention in any way.

The operations ofthe relay are as follows: Il. a source of electric energy be connected with the binding-posts 2 2 and current flows through the magnet-spools 1 1 from 2 to 2,the magnetic flux being in two paths through the horns of said magnet, the armature 6 will be attracted and repelled at the same time by the bifurcated polar extensions 11 11 of the electromagnet 1 1 2'. e., one horn of pole extension 11 will attract the north pole of polarized armature 6, while the other horn will repel the south pole of the said armature, as both horns are, of the same polarity. A similar action #takes place at the otherv pole extension 11 c., one horn of the extension will attract the south pole of polarized armature 6, while the other horn will repel the north pole of the said armature. It will thus be seen that the force in dynes exerted at the poles of the magnets and armatures is very much greater for the power expended than in other forms of polarized relays.v As this force. is exerted the oscillating armature 6 will instantly swing in one direction and close or open, as the case may be, the contacts which are diametrically opposite, owing to the fact that the fingers 22 23 press against the movable members of the said contacts and causo the said members to leave their normal positions. 1f current is now reversed through the magnets 1 1, a similar attraction and repulsion will take place, but in an exactly opposite direction, causing the armature 6 to swing the opposite way and actuate the other contacts that are suitably located. Vhile the magnets 1 and 1 are energized the polarized keeper 13, which is located close to the poles of the said magnets 1 1, becomes somewhat demagnetized, owing to the strong magnetic flux passing from pole to pole of the magnets 1 1 across 'the said keeper 13 and diverting or weakening the normal magnetic iiux of said keeper 13. Thus the said keeper has very slight, if any, effect on the moving armature 6. When, however, magnets 1 and 1 are entirely deenergized or open-circuited, the keeper 13 regains its attractive power and attracts with its opposite poles the opposite poles of polarized armature 6, which swings to a middle or off position, as shown in Fig. 1, and will remain in this off position until the magnets 1 and 1 are again energized regardless oi the position that the relay may be set in. The value of this ldesirable feature lies in the tact that no springs are required to pull and hold the armature into an off position, and therefore no power is expended in flexing such springs, the full dynamic force 1oi the magnet thus being available for actuating the contacts. The spring contact-pieces when the electroinagnet becomes deenergized will tend to start the armature back to its normal position and to bring it within the magnetic iux ot' the keeper, which then holdsit in the neutral position.

A relay constructed in accordance with my invention embodies many features of superiority and advantage over relays at present known and used. By providing the electromagnet with pole-pieces of the character described it is possible to bring the opposing poles within a very'short distance of each other, and as the magnetic flux is across a small air-gap there is comparatively little or no loss of magnetic force, and therefore from the duplex construction of each pole-piece a much greater dynamic force is applied to the armature, each pole of which is thus subjected simultaneously'to attraction from one polepiece of the magnet and repulsion from the opposite pole-piece. By the employment of a comparatively strong magnet for the armature and mounting the same as described upon practically frictionless bearings great sensitiveness is attained. Also by employing an armature of the horseshoe type instead of the usual bar-magnet a much more powerful magnet for a given size is obtained, thereby adding to the sensitiveness of the device, and, moreover, in an armature of this kind it is possible to bring each pole thereof within the path of magnetic linx between the pole-pieces of the electromagnet. By employing a polarized keeper, as described, and arranging the same at right angles to the path of the magnet-flux the armature is quickly brought to neutral position upon denergizing of the electromagnet, and, moreover, since the path of the magnet-fiux is at rightangles to the direction of magnetic iux in the keeper the magnetism of the keeper is neutralized to a great IOO IOS

extent when the electromagnet is energized, thus releasing' the armature from the controlling effect ot' the keeper and permitting it to respond quickly to the magnetism of the electromagnet. As soon as the electromagnet is deenergized the magnetism of the keeper immediately controls the armature and causes the same to assume its neutral position. It will therefore be seen thata relay embodying my invention has many superior features of advantage which in their several and combined eiiects tend to produce a relay ot' great sensitiveness, eiliciency, and reliability.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new isl. A device oi' the character' described, comprising an electromagnet, a polarized armature mounted toV swing freely between the poles oiT said magnet, said armature having a normal position at right angles to the magnetic linx between the poles of the magnet, and each pole of the armature simultaneously and oppositely acted upon by each pole-piece ot' the electromagnet.

2. A device ot' the character described comprising an electromagnet ot the horseshoe type, a polarized liorseshoe-armature mounted to4 swing freely and having its poles in the path ol magnetic linx between the poles ot' the electromagnet, each pole oi' said armature simultaneously and oppositely acted upon by each pole of the electromagnet.

3. A device of the character described, comprising an electromagnet, a polarized armature mounted to swing freely between the poles ol said magnet, said armature having a normal position at right angles to the magnetic linx between the poles of the magnet, each pole of the armature simultaneously and oppositely influenced by each pole of the electromagnet, and a keeper arranged at rightangies to the path of magnetic tiux between the pole-pieces oi.' the electromagnet for the purposes described.

et. A device o'll the character described comprising an electromagnet oi' the horseshoe type, a polarized horseshoe-armaturc mounted to swing 'freely and having its poles in the path of magnetic 'flux between the poles oi thc clectronnignet, each pole ot' said armature simultaneously and oppositel y acted upon by each pole ot' the electromagnet, and a keeper to maintain said armature normally in neutral position. Y*

Adevice ol" the character described, comprising an electromagnet having two polepieces ot' one polarity opposed to two polepieces ot' opposite polarity, a polarized armature mounted to swing lreely between the said pole-pieces, cach pole oi' the armature lying in the path of the magnetic linx between the pole-pieces of opposite polarity, and a keeper 'for said armature arranged at right angles to the path ot magnetic Afiux between the polepieces of the electromagnet, for the purpose described.

6. Adevice of the character described, comprising an electromagnet each pole of'which is formed with a bifurcated extension with the bifurcations of one polarity opposite bifurcations of opposite polarity, a polarized armature mounted to swing freely between said pole-pieces each pole of said armature being simultaneously and oppositely acted upon by bifurcations ot' opposite polarity, and a magnetic keeper Vfor Said armature arranged at right angles to the path ot magnetic iinx between the pole-pieces of the electromagnet.

7. A device of the characterdescribed, comprising an electromagnet having two polepieces of one polarity opposed to two polepieces of opposite polarity, a polarized armature mounted to swing freely between said pole-pieces each pole ot said armature lying in the path of magnetic linx between the polepieces ot' opposite polarity, a circuit-closer connected w`th said armature, and contacts arranged to be engaged by said circuit-closer, and means to prevent charging et' the arnna-v ture with current from the contacts.

8. Adevice of the character described, comprising an electromagnet of the horseshoe type cach pole oi which is provided with a biiinrcated extension, a polarized armature mounted to swing freely between said extensions with each pole thereoic lying in the path of the magnetic iiux between bifurcations of opposite polarity, a circuit-closer operated by the armature, contacts engaged by the circuitcloser, said contacts provided with spring members carrying contact-pieces, and insulation to protect the armature from currents in the contact-pieces when engaging the same.

9. Adevice of the character described, comprising a single electromagnet having two pole-piecesotI like polarity opposed to two polepieces or' like but opposite polarity, a polarized armature mounted to swing freely between the pole-pieces of the electromagnet each pole ot' said armaturearranged in the path of magnetic iiux between pole-pieces of opposite polarity, a magnetic keeper for said armature the direction ot' magnetic linx ot' which is at right angles to the direction of linx between the pole-pieces ot' the electromagnet, a circuitcloser operated by said armature, contactpieces adapted to be engaged by said circuitcloser and insulation at the point of engagement between the circuit-closer and the contact-pieces.

In testimony that .l claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 1st day of December, 1003.

HERBERT B. TAYLOR.

fitnessesz (ji-marins H. PELL, RUssnLL M. Evin-inw.

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